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Lithium-ion batteries, also called Lithium-Ion or Li-Ion, may be familiar to us due to their already extensive use among mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, etc. These batteries offer many advantages over traditional batteries, such as more energy storage capacity, lighter weight and smaller size . However, its use in larger applications, such as UPSs, backups or electric vehicles, is relatively new: its performance and cost optimization is becoming more and more evident, and manufacturers are beginning to prepare their equipment for this type of battery.
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The constant and uninterrupted flow of power is a necessity in the management of data centers and IT infrastructures . For these cases, the most recommended are three-phase UPSs, with capacities greater than 10kVA. Using lithium ion batteries instead of the usual VLRA can improve some of the challenging aspects of UPS management, such as space, storage capacity, etc.
The main difference between a Li-ion battery and a sealed and regulated lead-acid, or VRLA, which is the most common in UPS-type equipment , is the chemical composition of the materials used in the electrodes and electrolytes. Most current lithium-ion batteries use a metal oxide for the cathode and a carbon-based material for the anode. The electrolytic solution is a lithium salt dissolved in an organic solvent. A lead-acid battery, on the other hand, uses a lead dioxide for the cathode, a lead anode, and a form of sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. This chemistry largely determines the performance capacity of the battery.
In reality, there are a wide variety of lithium-based batteries on the market , varying in chemistries, sizes, voltage ranges, shapes, and connector types. In this sense, manufacturers of uninterruptible power supplies must choose the appropriate design and quality according to the application and must make the characteristics of their system openly available.
Its distinctive chemistry and structure offer advantages over more traditional batteries. Li-ion batteries are smaller, lighter, recharge faster, and have a lifespan twice as long as lead acid batteries . Of course, they are more expensive (from 1.5 to 3 times more), but their profitability right now is more than evident: a lithium ion battery can last up to 10-15 years, against 4-6 years of batteries usual. So a device prepared for Li-Ion will only need one or no replacement practically throughout its life cycle , also reducing maintenance costs, while with traditional batteries it will need at least 2-3 changes.
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