Compared with traditional nickel-hydride or nickel-cadmium rechargeable battery technology, lithium-ion batteries have several advantages: mainly, they charge in less time and take longer to discharge, but they also have a lower energy density. superior, they have no memory effect and practically do not lose charge when not in use, etc.

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However, like any technology, they have certain disadvantages related mainly to protection (they must incorporate systems to prevent overloading and overheating) and cost (despite the aforementioned reduction in cost, their manufacture continues to be around 40% more expensive than the of nickel-cadmium).

LITHIUM ION BATTERY APPLICATIONS
The advantages of lithium-ion batteries and their decreasing cost have made their use proliferate in many areas:

  emergency power systems
In critical installations, such as server farms, the batteries of a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) protect it from the loss or instability of the electricity supply.

  solar energy storage
Solar energy is intermittent and these batteries are the ones that best adapt to solar panels due to their way of charging and their speed, especially in self- consumption .

  Consumer electronics and mobile devices
Mobile devices have become the primary application for these batteries, allowing ever-increasing miniaturization .

  disability assistance
These types of batteries are present in electric wheelchairs, stair lifts or motorized prostheses, making life easier for people with mobility restrictions.

Lithium ion batteries for electric vehicles
The development and growing adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles is largely due to the efficiency and lower cost of lithium-ion batteries. In addition to having a high energy density compared to its size, its mass production has brought the price of electric vehicles closer to those of gasoline. In terms of running costs, the price of electricity to run an electric vehicle is less than the cost of fuel for internal combustion engines. They also provide autonomy for increasingly longer trips.


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THE STORAGE OF THE FUTURE
The scarcity of cobalt, an element necessary for its manufacture, and the difficulties in its recycling are driving the investigation of other alternative technologies for batteries. Here are some of the most promising:

Hydrogen cells: These batteries produce electricity from gaseous hydrogen, but the drawback is not in the technology, but in the ability to make green hydrogen without resorting to fossil fuels.
Solid State Batteries: They use solid electrolytes instead of liquid or gel electrolytes. They have higher energy density, reduce explosion and fire risks, and take up less space by not requiring as many safety-related components.
Graphene supercapacitors: the capacitors can be charged and discharged more efficiently than a battery and the use of graphene would allow reaching an energy density similar to that of current batteries.

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