The Great English Sparrow War

In the 19th century, a heated dispute arose over the house sparrow and its introduction into North America. Elliot Coues and Thomas Mayo Brewer held opposing opinions on the matter which they defended their entire lives.

Research:

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Allen, J.A. “Biographical Memoir of Elliot Coues: 1842-1899.” Read before the National Academy of Sciences, April 1909. https://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/coues-elliott.pdf

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Coues, Elliott. “Psychic Research” and “Can Ghosts Be Investigated?” The Nation. 12/25/1884. https://books.google.com/books?id=5ixMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA543#v=onepage&q&f=false

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Coates, Peter. “Eastenders Go West: English Sparrows, Immigrants, and the Nature of Fear.” Journal of American Studies , Dec., 2005, Vol. 39, No. 3, British Association for American Studies 50th Anniversary (Dec., 2005). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27557692

Coues, Dr. Elliott. “The Ineligibility of the European House Sparrow in America.” The American Naturalist. Vol. XII, No. 8 August 1878.

Allen, J.A. “Notes on Some of the Rarer Birds of Massachusetts (Continued).” The American Naturalist , Feb., 1870, Vol. 3, No. 12 (Feb., 1870). https://www.jstor.org/stable/2446674

Robbins, Chandler S. “Introduction, Spread, and Present Abundance of the House Sparrow in North America.” Ornithological Monographs , 1973, No. 14, A Symposium on the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and European Tree Sparrow (P. Montanus) in North America (1973). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40168051

Coues, Elliott. “On the Present Status of Passer Domesticus in America With Special Reference to the Western States and Territories.” United States Geological Survey. Extracted from the Bulletin of the Survey Vol. V. No. 2.

Barrows, Walter R. and C. Hart Merriam. “The English Sparow (Passer Domesticus) in North America, Especially in its Relations to Agriculture.” United States Department of Agriculture Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy. Bulletin 1. Government Printing Office. 1889. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ofwYAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA1&hl=en

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Brewer, T.M. “The European House-Sparrow.” The Atlantic. May 1868. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1868/05/the-european-house-sparrow/628410/